Shoulder Dislocation

In shoulder dislocation, head of the humerus is out of the joint.

Types of dislocation – 4 types

1.Anterior (most common)
2.Posterior (seen in individuals after electric shock, seizures)
3.Inferior
4.Superior

Symptoms –

• Pain
• Inability to move the arm

Causes –

• It occurs when patient falls on outstretched hand or lifts arm over the head and rotates externally. In individuals after electric shock and following seizures

Reduction –

• Closed reduction can be done in Emergency department under intra articular anesthetic drug, and under sedation. If it fails then closed / open reduction can be done in Operation theater under anesthesia.

Post reduction rehabilitation

• Immobilization for 3 weeks, their after active and passive mobilization.

Complication of Shoulder dislocation –

1. Bankart lesion
2. Bony Bankart lesion
3. Proximal Humerus fracture
4. Hill sachs lesion
5. Axillary nerve injury
6. Recurrent Shoulder dislocation

Bankart lesion –

A Bankart lesion is seen on the glenoid labrum. It is an injury over the anterio inferior labrum of the glenoid cavity. It is the protection in front of the shoulder joint which gets damaged and results in shoulder dislocation.

A bankart lesion can also be bony,( Bony Bankart) means a small piece of bone in the glenoid gets fractured and results in dislocation( Anterior – inferior glenoid bone)

Hill Sachs lesion – Is the defect seen over the posterior ( back) aspect of the humeral head during the dislocation.

Treatment –

• Bankart lesion – Arthroscopic repair of the labrum should be done to prevent recurrent shoulder dislocation.
• Bony bankart lesion – Open reduction and internal fixation of the glenoid bone to be done. Latarjet procedure can also be done.